A cheap technique for false exoticism, in which common elements of the real world are re-named for a fantastic milieu without any real alteration in their basic nature or behavior. "Smeerps" are especially common in fantasy worlds, where people often ride exotic steeds that look and act just like horses. (Attributed to James Blish.) The Turkey City LexiconOn
Evil Editor's blog recently, there was some discussion as to whether the term 'sevenday' was a smeerp. The apparent reasoning for this label was the use of a new term for an existing item.
When it is a smeerp...The clearest answer is, it depends. Truthfully, context is all in this case. For example, I am writing a story that could be placed in Normaltown USA in a non-fantasy setting. However, to dress it up in speculative fiction clothes, I choose to call all gas engines belchers because of the fumes they have, and the models are all familiar, such as Lincoln, Ford, Chevrolet; and dogs are all called canids, yet the breeds are still poodle, boxer, etc.
This is the use of a smeerp. No argument possible that 'belcher' and 'canid' aren't.
Nothing is different except the names of some things. Of course, for demonstration purposes I have used a rather simplistic example. But if a term is used merely to make something seem exotic and for no demonstrable need in the story, it's a smeerp.
...and when it isn't.Context really is all. What may fit the rules of smeerpness may not necessarily be a smeerp. Why? Because the needs of the fictional world may justify calling something that-- at least on the surface-- appears to be a mundane item by a fantastical name. Legitimate reasons to exist; so naysayers should be more circumspect with the label of smeerp.
Writers of SF and Fantasy create worlds of different types. The choice of how the world is created is key to the effectiveness of the story. An SFF story is set in a world that is patently NOT our 'real world' and normal things may be named abnormally. Similarly, abnormal things may be called a common name that wouldn't fit to our real world eyes. But there are reasons and so-called rules for such worldbuilding choices. Below is my take on the smeerp rule.
Rules of thumb.1. If the use of a term doesn't fit the surrounding milieu, then it's
usually a smeerp.
2. If the story's spec fic cred is being propped up by (or worse, established by) the gratuitous use of fancy names for plain things, it's a smeerp. Like any use of language when writing, it must not seem out of place and the author must be utilizing it for some purpose. Otherwise, it would be better cut.
3. The writer must indicate there is something different about the renamed thing or it is a smeerp. In other words, the reader must be shown (and this is subtle technique) that what is potentially a smeerp isn't. And this doesn't necessarily require any language surrounding the smeerpish thing; it can be the general milieu making it not a smeerp.
Specific situations.Technology has developed differently. This is a very common device for alternate worlds. Call something by a different name. And it is perfectly justifiable-- if the usage fits the world in which it is being used. (One of EE's commenters used Philip Pullman's books as an example. Alembic for electric, etc.) It should add spice to the sauce, not be a bolted-on, after-market extra bit that calls attention to itself like too many chrome shiney bits on a pick up truck.
The progression of language. Things that are dogs may become canids because the language has changed over many generations. Dog to canine to canid makes sense in this context.
Backwards engineering. Perhaps there are no dogs but people want them? They might choose to call it something similar to the old version, but different because it really isn't a dog. Or language may have changed AND they want to change the name.
But let us not forget: the author needs a purpose for the change greater than adding to the exotic scenery. To mention a canid just for window dressing
might make it a smeerp in use, even if it isn't really a smeerp in concept!
In a fantasy milieu I've been working on I have used backwards engineering. A created creature that resembles a jackalope, and is referred to as a 'jallop' as well as a bunny. And it has no rabbit genetics at all, and what original creature it was has been engineered to look like a horned rabbit. The reason I used this device is part of a means to show how the ancients who did this sort of thing were in relation to their environment. Use of recognizable manipulations of nature are clues to the reader that the ancient inhabitants of this world (who came from our universe) were not to be admired. It provides clues to the reader as to the truth while the characters may be in some confusion as to that fact.
Going by the strict definition found in the Turkey City Lexicon, any renaming may seem like a smeerp; but you have to take into account the function and purpose of the change in a common thing's name to something exotic. I maintain that if the change in name serves a purpose other than adding an exotic tone, it is not a smeerp.
Labels: definitions, language, Toolbox